Masiku ano luso lamakono likugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yonse yovota.
Mwa maiko 185 a demokalase padziko lonse lapansi, opitilira 40 atengera luso lazosintha pazisankho, ndipo pafupifupi maiko ndi zigawo 50 ayika zisankho pamwambo.Sizovuta kuweruza kuti chiwerengero cha mayiko omwe akugwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono la zisankho chidzapitirira kukula m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.Kuphatikiza apo, ndikukula kosalekeza kwa osankhidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana, kufunikira kwaukadaulo wamasankho kukupitilira kukwera, Ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha wovota mwachindunji padziko lonse lapansi ukhoza kugawidwa kukhala "ukadaulo wopanga mapepala" ndi "ukadaulo wopanda mapepala".Ukadaulo wamapepala umachokera pamavoti achikhalidwe, ophatikizidwa ndi ukadaulo wozindikiritsa kuwala, womwe umapereka njira zabwino, zolondola komanso zotetezeka zowerengera mavoti.Pakadali pano, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko 15 ku East Asia, Central Asia, Middle East ndi madera ena.Ukadaulo wopanda mapepala umalowa m'malo ovotera ndi mavoti amagetsi, Kudzera pazenera, kompyuta, intaneti ndi njira zina zopezera mavoti okha, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe ndi Latin America.Kutengera momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, ukadaulo wopanda mapepala uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa msika, koma ukadaulo wa pepala uli ndi nthaka yolimba yogwiritsira ntchito m'malo ena, omwe sangathe kusokonezedwa pakanthawi kochepa.Choncho, lingaliro la "kuphatikizapo, kuphatikizika ndi zatsopano" kuti apereke teknoloji yoyenera kwambiri pa zosowa za m'deralo ndi njira yokhayo pa chitukuko cha zisankho.
Palinso zida zolembera mavoti zomwe zimapereka mawonekedwe amagetsi kwa ovota olumala kuti aziyika chizindikiro papepala.Ndipo, maulamuliro ang'onoang'ono amawerengera mavoti a mapepala.
Zambiri pa chilichonse mwa zosankhazi zili pansipa:
Kukanika kwa Optical/Digital Scan:
Zida zojambulira zomwe zimalemba mavoti a mapepala.Mavoti amazindikiridwa ndi ovota, ndipo atha kufufuzidwa pamakina opangira voti pamalo oponya voti ("precinct counting Optical scan machine -PCOS") kapena kusonkhanitsidwa m'bokosi lovotera kuti asinthidwe pakatikati ("pakati). kuwerengera makina opanga makina -CCOS").Makina ambiri akale ojambulira amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa infrared scanning ndi mavoti okhala ndi zizindikiro zanthawi m'mphepete kuti asike bwino voti.Makina atsopano atha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa "digital scan", pomwe chithunzi cha digito cha voti iliyonse chimatengedwa panthawi yakusanja.Mavenda ena atha kugwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira malonda (COTS) pamodzi ndi mapulogalamu kuti alembe mavoti, pomwe ena amagwiritsa ntchito zida za eni ake.Makina a PCOS amagwira ntchito pamalo pomwe kuwerengera mavoti kumamalizidwa pamalo aliwonse oponya voti, omwe ali oyenera madera ambiri ku Philippines.PCOS ikhoza kumaliza kuwerengera mavoti ndikuwonetsetsa kukhulupirika kwa chisankho nthawi yomweyo.Mapepala ovotera olembedwa adzasonkhanitsidwa pamalo osankhidwa kuti awerengere pakati, ndipo zotsatira zake zidzasanjidwa mwachangu powerengera magulu.Ikhoza kukwaniritsa ziwerengero zothamanga kwambiri za zotsatira za zisankho, ndipo imagwira ntchito kumalo omwe makina opangira makina akukumana ndi zovuta kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito komanso maukonde olankhulana amakhala ochepa, oletsedwa kapena palibe.
Makina Ovotera Amagetsi (EVM):
Makina ovota omwe adapangidwa kuti alole voti yachindunji pamakina ndi kukhudza kwapamanja kwa sikirini, chowunikira, gudumu, kapena chida china.A EVM imalemba mavoti amunthu payekhapayekha ndipo mavoti onse amafika pamtima pakompyuta ndipo sagwiritsa ntchito voti ya pepala.Ma EVM ena amabwera ndi Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT), mbiri yokhazikika yamapepala yowonetsa mavoti onse omwe wosankhidwayo aponya.Ovota omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina ovota a EVM okhala ndi njira zamapepala ali ndi mwayi wowunikanso zolemba zamavoti awo asanaziponye.Mavoti a mapepala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha ovota ndi ma VVPAT amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mavoti owerengera, kufufuza ndi kuwerengeranso.
Chipangizo cholembera voti (BMD):
Chipangizo chomwe chimaloleza ovota kuti azilemba voti ya pepala.Zosankha za ovota nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa pazenera mofanana ndi EVM, kapena pa piritsi.Komabe, BMD silemba zomwe ovota asankha m'makumbukidwe ake.M'malo mwake, zimalola wovota kuti azilemba zomwe asankha pazenera ndipo, wovota akamaliza, amasindikiza zisankho.Mavoti a pepala omwe amasindikizidwa amawerengedwa pamanja kapena kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira.Ma BMD ndi othandiza kwa anthu olumala, koma amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wovota aliyense.Makina ena adatulutsa zosindikiza ndi ma bar code kapena ma QR code m'malo movotera mwachikhalidwe.Akatswiri a chitetezo awonetsa kuti pali zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi machitidwe amtunduwu popeza bar code palokha siiwerengeka ndi anthu.
Nthawi yotumiza: 14-09-21
