Yintoni enokuyenza i-EVM (umatshini wokuvota we-Electronic)?
Umatshini wokuvota we-elektroniki (EVM) sisixhoboevumela abavoti ukuba bavote nge-elektroniki, endaweni yokusebenzisa amaphepha okuvota okanye ezinye iindlela zemveli.Ii-EVM zisetyenziswe kumazwe ahlukeneyo emhlabeni jikelele, njengeIndiya, iBrazil, i-Estonia kunye nePhilippines, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuchaneka kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yonyulo.Kweli nqaku, siza kuxoxa ngokubaluleka kwee-EVM kunye nezinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo.
Yintoni i-EVM?
I-EVM ngumatshini oquka iiyunithi ezimbini: iyunithi yokulawula kunye neyunithi yokuvota.Iyunithi yolawulo iqhutywa ngamagosa onyulo, anokuthi avule iyunithi yokuvota kumvoti, abeke iliso kwinani leevoti, kwaye avale ukuvota.Iyunithi yokuvota isetyenziswa ngumvoti, onokucofa iqhosha ecaleni kwegama okanye uphawu lomgqatswa okanye iqela alithandayo.Ivoti ke irekhodwa kwimemori yeyunithi yolawulo kwaye irisithi yephepha okanye irekhodi iprintwa ngeenjongo zokuqinisekisa.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-EVM, kuxhomekeke kubuchwephesha obusetyenzisiweyo.Ezinye ii-EVM zisebenzisa iinkqubo ze-elektroniki zokurekhoda ngokuthe ngqo (i-DRE), apho umvoti echukumisa isikrini okanye ecofa iqhosha lokumakisha kunye nokuvota.Ezinye ii-EVM zisebenzisa izixhobo zokumakisha ii- ballot marking (BMD), apho umvoti asebenzise isikrini okanye isixhobo ukumakisha ukhetho lwakhe aze aprinte ibhalothi yephepha eskenwa ngesikena samehlo.Ezinye ii-EVM zisebenzisa ukuvota kwi-intanethi okanye iinkqubo zokuvota kwi-intanethi, apho umvoti esebenzisa ikhompuyutha okanye isixhobo esiphathwayo ukumaka kunye nokuvota kwi-Intanethi.
Kutheni zibalulekile ii-EVM?
Ii-EVM zibalulekile kuba zinokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwinkqubo yonyulo kunye nedemokhrasi.Ezinye zezi zibonelelo zezi:
1.Ngesantyaukubalwa nokunikezelwa kweziphumo zonyulo.Ii-EVM zinokunciphisa ixesha kunye nomzamo ofunekayo wokubala nokuhambisa iivoti ngesandla, ezinokukhawulezisa ukubhengezwa kweziphumo kunye nokunciphisa ukungaqiniseki kunye noxinzelelo phakathi kwabavoti kunye nabaviwa.
2.Ukwanda kwentembeko kunyulo njengoko iimpazamo zabantu ziphetshwa.Ii-EVM zinokuphelisa iimpazamo kunye nokungangqinelani okungenzeka ngenxa yezinto zabantu, ezifana nokufunda kakubi, ukubalwa kakubi, okanye ukuphazamisa amavoti.Ii-EVM nazo zinokubonelela ngomkhondo wophicotho-zincwadi kunye nerekhodi lephepha elinokusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa nokubala kwakhona iivoti xa zifuneka.
3.Ukwehliswa kweendleko xa usebenzisa ii-EVM kwimisitho emininzi yonyulo.Ii-EVM zinokunciphisa iindleko ezibandakanyekayo ekushicileleni, ekuthuthweni, ekugcinweni nasekulahleni amaphepha okuvota, anokonga imali kunye nezibonelelo kumaziko olawulo lonyulo nakurhulumente.
Ukuqinisekisa njani ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kwee-EVMs?
Ukuqinisekisa usetyenziso olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo lwee-EVM, amanye amanyathelo anokuthi athathwe ngala:
1.Ukuvavanya kunye nokuqinisekisa ii-EVMs ngaphambi kokusasazwa.Ii-EVM kufuneka zivavanywe kwaye ziqinisekiswe ziingcali ezizimeleyo okanye ii-arhente ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yobugcisa kunye neemfuno zokusebenza, ukhuseleko, ukusetyenziswa, ukufikeleleka, njl.
2.Ukufundisa nokuqeqesha amagosa onyulo kunye nabavoti ngendlela yokusebenzisa ii-EVMs.Amagosa onyulo kunye nabavoti kufuneka bafundiswe kwaye baqeqeshwe malunga nendlela yokusebenza kunye nokusombulula iingxaki kwii-EVM, kunye nendlela yokunika ingxelo kunye nokusombulula nayiphi na imiba okanye izehlo ezinokuvela.
3.Ukuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye neeprothokholi zokukhusela ii-EVM kuhlaselo.Ii-EVM kufuneka zikhuselwe ngamanyathelo okhuseleko oluphathekayo kunye ne-cyber kunye neeprothokholi, ezifana ne-encryption, ukuqinisekiswa, i-firewall, i-antivirus, izitshixo, i-seal, njl njl.
4.Ukubonelela ngomkhondo wephepha okanye irekhodi ngeenjongo zokuqinisekisa kunye nophicotho.Ii-EVM kufuneka zinike umkhondo wephepha okanye irekhodi yeevoti ezenziweyo, mhlawumbi ngokuprinta irisithi yephepha okanye irekhodi yomvoti okanye ngokugcina iphepha lokuvota kwibhokisi etywiniweyo.Umzila wephepha okanye irekhodi kufuneka isetyenziswe ukungqinisisa nokuphicotha iziphumo zekhompyutha, nokuba kungenziwa ngokulandelelanayo okanye ngokunzulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kwazo.
Ii-EVM ziyinto entsha ebalulekileyoenokomeleza inkqubo yonyulo kunye nedemokhrasi.Nangona kunjalo, zikwabeka imingeni kunye nemingcipheko ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kwaye incitshiswe.Ngokwamkela iindlela ezifanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho, ii-EVM zinokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo ukuphucula amava okuvota kunye nesiphumo kubo bonke.
Ixesha lokuthumela: 17-07-23
